The result of this type of connection will result in a short circuit. Control devices are never to be connected from the left rail to the right rail. Control devices are connected between the left side of the rail and the load or other control devices and the load. The load is the last component connected to the right side of the rail unless there is a protective contact that opens the circuit in the case of an overload event. The loads in a ladder diagram are always and shall be connected in parallel on the rungs. Wiring Diagram What is a Wiring Diagram A wiring diagram is a simple visual representation of the physical connections and physical layout of an electrical system or circuit. Read the ladder diagram from left to right then up to down in order to understand the sequence of the operation. The rungs are the horizontal lines that illustrate how the control devices and loads are interconnected to make up the control circuit.ġ.A ladder diagram translates similarly to a book. The control circuit voltage is usually rated at 12V-120V depending on the rated values of the loads connected in the circuit. The rails are the two dark vertical lines that represent the power source to the control circuit. The ladder diagram, shown in figure 4, is easy to read since there are only two basic parts- the rails and the rungs. Ladder diagrams however, often show multiple lines leading to and from components whether they are series or parallel connections. A one line diagram has only one line between individual components. Ladder diagrams should not be confused with a one-line diagram. Lines between the symbols can be horizontal or vertical but should be drawn to minimize lines from crossing each other. The circuit should indicate the most direct path of logical sequence. Graphic symbols, abbreviations, and device designations are drawn per industry standards. The arrangement of symbols in ladder diagram should promote clarity and understanding. Ladder diagrams provide a fast and easy understanding of the connection of electrical components in a circuit or operation. A ladder diagram, shown in figure 3, is a diagram that explains the logic of the electrical circuit or system using standard NEMA or IEC symbols.Ī ladder diagram is used to point out relationships between circuit components, not the actual location of the components.
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