![]() Gamble JD, Johnson G, Sheaffer CC et al (2014) Establishment and early productivity of perennial biomass alley cropping systems in Minnesota, USA. ![]() Ecology 44:409–411įederal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (2007) Use of biomass for energy generation. Press, Cambridge, pp 15–26įarmer RJ (1963) Effect of light intensity on growth of Populus tremuloides cuttings under two temperature regimes. In: von Stechow C (ed) IPCC renewable energy sources and climate change mitigation Cambridge. Ann Bot 53:811–819Įdenhofer O, Pichs-Madruga R, Sokona Y et al (2011) IPCC, 2011: summary for policymakers. doi: 10.1016/0961-9534(96)00020-7ĭeckmyn G, Laureysens I, Garcia J et al (2004) Poplar growth and yield in short rotation coppice: model simulations using the process model SECRETS. doi: 10.2136/sssaj1967.03615995003100020035xĭeBell DS, Clendenen GW, Harrington CA, Zasada JC (1996) Tree growth and stand development in short-rotation Populus plantings: 7-year results for two clones at three spacings. doi: 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00564-7Ĭurlin JW (1967) Clonal differences in yield response of Populus deltoides to nitrogen fertilization. doi: 10.1093/forestry/53.1.1Ĭeulemans R, Deraedt W (1999) Production physiology and growth potential of poplars under short-rotation forestry culture. doi: 10.1023/B:AGFO.0000028990.31801.62Ĭannell MGR (1980) Productivity of closely-spaced young poplar on agricultural soils in Britain. Berlinīrandle JR, Hodges L, Zhou XH (2004) Windbreaks in North American agricultural systems. Nationale und internationale Entwicklung, 1st ed. Bonnīöhme D, Nick-Leptin J (2013) Erneuerbare Energien in Zahlen. doi: 10.1007/s0046-6īMELV (2012) Pappeln und Weiden in Deutschland: Bericht der Nationalen Pappelkommission. doi: 10.1007/BF02243857īenomar L, DesRochers A, Larocque GR (2012) The effects of spacing on growth, morphology and biomass production and allocation in two hybrid poplar clones growing in the boreal region of Canada. Arch für Meteorol Geophys und Bioklimatologie Ser B 15:287–312. doi: 10.1139/x92-071īaltaxe R (1967) Air flow patterns in the lee of model windbreaks. doi: 10.1016/S0961-9534(99)00054-9Īuclair D, Bouvarel L (1992) Influence of spacing and short rotations on Populus trichocarpa × deltoides coppice. Further research is however needed to determine effects of increased biomass in outer tree rows on adjacent crop fields, which influences the whole system productivity.Īrmstrong A, Johns C, Tubby I (1999) Effects of spacing and cutting cycle on the yield of poplar grown as an energy crop. We recommend reducing the number of rows within SRC-strips, while increasing their total length. The results can contribute to improve the design of poplar SRC-strips in ACS in order to optimize biomass production. Both rotation cycles showed similar yearly biomass production. Middle rows of the SRC design, in both rotation cycles, revealed a quicker height growth than outer rows, but a reduced biomass production. ![]() With the 6-year rotation cycle, all leeward rows and the middle rows of the combined design showed larger diameters and higher biomass yields. ![]() Concerning the 3-year rotation cycle, higher numbers of shoots per tree as well as higher biomass yields compared to the control field were measured in outer rows, both leeward and windward. Diameters at breast height, tree heights, shoot numbers and mortality rates were measured to describe growth and estimate yield of outer and middle poplar rows within a tree strip. Two harvest cycles (a coppiced 3-year rotation cycle and a un-coppiced 6-year rotation cycle) and two strip designs (“SRC”: 6 poplar rows “Combined”: 4 poplar rows and 1 aspen row in the centre) were compared. An ACS incorporating poplar SRC has been established near Braunschweig in Lower Saxony (Germany) in 2008. However, limited data are available in such systems concerning biomass production of different strip designs. Moreover, compared to agrisivilcutural systems incorporating noble trees, ACS with short rotation coppice (SRC)-strips provide periodically high energy outputs and could help to answer environment and energetic political objectives in Germany. In temperate regions, short rotation woody crops cultivated as tree strips in alley-cropping agroforestry systems (ACS) can provide economic benefits by producing an additional commodity, and environmental benefits, e.g., soil erosion control, protection against evaporation and increased biodiversity.
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